International logistics, also known as global logistics, refers to an international commodity trade or exchange activity in which, when production and consumption take place independently in two or more countries, goods are physically moved to overcome the temporal and spatial distances between production and consumption. This is to achieve the ultimate goal of international commodity trade, that is, to realize the trade convection conditions where the seller delivers documents, goods, and receives payment, and the buyer accepts documents, pays the payment, and takes delivery of the goods.

The international logistics industry has a wide scope, including areas such as international trade logistics, non-trade logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics cooperation, and international logistics exchanges. Among them, international trade logistics mainly refers to the reasonable international movement of goods organized as specified; non-trade logistics refers to international exhibition exhibit logistics, international postal logistics, etc. International logistics cooperation refers to the international logistics for enterprises from different countries to complete major international economic and technical projects; international logistics investment refers to the joint investment by logistics enterprises from different countries to establish international logistics enterprises; international logistics exchanges mainly refer to international exchanges in logistics science, technology, education, training, and management.

In a narrow sense, international logistics (IL) mainly refers to an international commodity or exchange activity in which, when production and consumption occur independently in two or more countries (or regions), goods (cargo) are transported through logistics to overcome the temporal and spatial distances between production and consumption, thus achieving the ultimate goal of international commodity trade, that is, enabling the seller to deliver documents, goods, and collect payments.

The essence of international logistics is to realize the international movement and exchange of goods in accordance with the principles of international division of labor and international practices, and to promote the development of regional economies and the optimal allocation of world resources. The overall goal of international logistics is to serve international trade and transnational operations, that is, to select the best methods and routes to transport goods from the supplier in one country to the demander in another country in a timely manner at the lowest cost and with the lowest risk.

Characteristics of Logistics

Compared with domestic logistics, international logistics differs in aspects such as the logistics environment, logistics system, information system, and standardization requirements. A very important characteristic of international logistics is the differences in the logistics environment, mainly referring to the soft environment of logistics. Different countries have different laws applicable to logistics, which makes international logistics more complex. The different levels of scientific and technological development in different economies of different countries mean that international logistics is supported by different scientific and technological conditions, and even some technologies cannot be applied in certain fields, resulting in a decline in the operation level of the entire international logistics system; different countries have different standards, making it difficult to establish a unified standard for the international logistics system; the national characteristics of different countries will inevitably impose restrictions on international logistics.

Due to the differences in the logistics environment, an international logistics system needs to operate in many different legal, cultural, customs, language, and technological environments, which undoubtedly greatly increases the difficulty of international logistics operations and the complexity of the system.

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